第16课：直接宾语和间接宾语

在这⼀课⾥, 我们先复习现在完成式, 然后练习直接宾语和间接宾语. ⾸先我们还是听⼀段对话, 内容是说亨利跟凯特谈到供⼤⼥⼉珍妮上⼤学的事情. 请你注意听两位英⽂⽼师的发⾳和语调.

F: Henry, we owe the university 400 dollars for Jenny's tuition. M: We have paid them, haven't we?

F: We paid them for the last semester. They sent us a bill for the new semester. M: Luckily there are only two semesters a year. F: Well, there's the summer session.

M: Does Jenny plan to go to summer school?

F: No, she wants to work and save some money in the summer.

M: That's good. Maybe she can help and pay the university some of her tuition next year. 现在我们再把整段对话听⼀遍, 请你注意听.

F: Henry, we owe the university 400 dollars for Jenny's tuition. M: We have paid them, haven't we?

F: We paid them for the last semester. They sent us a bill for the new semester. M: Luckily there are only two semesters a year. F: Well, there's the summer session.

M: Does Jenny plan to go to summer school?

F: No, she wants to work and save some money in the summer.

M: That's good. Maybe she can help and pay the university some of her tuition next year. 刚才那段对话⾥有些句⼦包含了直接和间接宾语, 现在我们再把这些句⼦听⼀遍. F: We owe the university 400 dollars for Jenny's tuition. F: They sent us a bill for the new semester.

M: Maybe she can help and pay the university some of her tuition next year. ⼆.现在完成式和过去式

听完了对话现在我们来作练习. ⾸先我们来复习现在完成式. 以前我们学过现在完成式是⽤来表⽰到⽬前已经发⽣的事情⽽过去式表⽰在过去⼀个特定的 时间所发⽣的事情. 下⾯我请英⽂⽼师念⼀些句⼦⽐较这两种时态. 男⽼师念 现在完成式句⼦, ⼥⽼师念过去式句⼦, 请你注意听.

M: Henry and Kate have paid the tuition. F: They paid it last month. M: Henry has written a letter. F: Henry wrote it last night.

M: Kate has taken the car to the garage. F: She took it last week.

下⾯我们来练习这两种时态. ⾸先⽼师提出现在完成式问句, 然后⽼师给你念⼀个时间词组, 请你⽤过去式跟这个时间词组作肯定的答覆. 下⾯就是⼀个例⼦:

M: Have Henry and Kate paid the telephone bill?M: last week

F: They paid it last week.

现在我们开始作练习. 练习⾥的句⼦都跟⼀般家务事有关系, ⽐⽅ \"付电话费\" pay the telephone bill, \"贷款\" get a loan, \"报税\"do the income tax, \"洗⾐服\"do the laundry 等等. 每作完⼀句就请你听⽼师念正确答案. M: Have Henry and Kate paid the telephone bill? M: last week

F: Yes, they paid it last week. M: Has Henry gotten a loan? M: this spring

F: Yes, he got it this spring.

M: Has Henry done his income tax?

M: this April

F: Yes, he did it this April.

M: Has Kate taken the car to the garage? M: several days ago

F: Yes, she took it several days ago. M: Has Kate bought the groceries? M: a few hours ago

F: Yes, she bought them a few hours ago. M: Has Kate done the laundry? M: the day before yesterday

F: Yes, she did it the day before yesterday. 三.直接宾语和间接宾语

刚才那个练习你都作对了吗?现在我们来学直接宾语和间接宾语的⽤法. 在英⽂⾥有些及物动词, ⽐⽅ \"教\" teach, \"给\" give, \"写\"write 等等, 可以有两个宾语. ⽐⽅有⼀句话: \"凯特教琳达英⽂.\" Kate teaches Linda English. 在这句话⾥\"琳达\" 是间接宾语, \"英⽂\" 是直接宾语. 另外有⼀句话: \"昨天亨利给珍妮写了 ⼀封信.\" Henry wrote Jenny a letter yesterday.在这句话⾥ \"珍妮\" 是间接宾语,\"⼀封信\" 是直接宾语.

下⾯我请两位英⽂⽼师念⼀些包含了这两种宾语的现在完成式句⼦, 内容是说亨利和凯特分别为⼉⼥作些了什么事情. 在这些句⼦⾥指东西的都是直接宾语, 指⼈的都是间接宾语. 每个句⼦我们念两遍, 请你听⼀遍, 跟着⽼师重复⼀遍. M: Henry has written Jenny a letter. F: Henry has written Jenny a letter. M: Kate has sent Jenny a package. F: Kate has sent Jenny a package.

M: Henry has given Peter some money. F: Henry has given Peter some money. M: Kate has shown Peter a book. F: Kate has shown Peter a book.

M: Henry has bought Linda a swimming suit. F: Henry has bought Linda a swimming suit. M: Kate has taught Linda an English lesson. F: Kate has taught Linda an English lesson.

刚才我们⽤直接宾语和间接宾语练习了⼀些句⼦, 内容说到亨利和凯特为他 们的⼉⼥作了些什么事情. 现在我们继续练习, 可是⽅式不同. 这次由⽼师⽤ \" 什么\" what 提出包含了间接宾语的现在完成式疑问句, ⽐⽅: What have Henry and Kate paid theuniversity?接着⽼师念出⼀个直接宾语, ⽐⽅: Jenny's tuition, 学⽣就⽤间接和直接宾语回答问题, 所以答案就是: They havepaid the university Jenny's tuition. 好, 现在请你注意听⽼师问问题; 这些问题都是说到珍妮因为上⼤学搬到学校附近, 亨利和凯特担⼼⼥⼉第⼀次在外边住可能觉得孤单, 所以给她买了⽆线电, ⼜怕没⼈给她缝⾐服, 所以给她买了缝纫机,凯特⼜把汽车借给她, 亨利拿出地图来, 告诉她应该⾛哪条路等等. M: What have Henry and Kate paid the university? M: Jenny's tuition

F: They have paid the university Jenny's tuition. M: What have they bought Jenny? M: a radio

F: They have bought Jenny a radio. M: What have they gotten Jenny? M: a sewing machine

F: They have gotten Jenny a sewing machine. M: What has Kate taught Jenny? M: sewing

F: She has taught Jenny sewing. M: What has Kate lent Jenny? M: her car

F: She has lent Jenny her car. M: What has Henry shown Jenny? M: a map

F: He has shown Jenny a map. M: What has Henry given Jenny? M: some advice

F: He has given Jenny some advice.

刚才那个练习你都会作吗? 下⾯我们来学习另外⼀种⽤直接和间接宾语的⽅法. ⾸先请你听⼀个句⼦: Henry has written a letterto Jenny. 这句话跟我们刚才练习的说法, 也就是: Henry has written Jenny a letter. 意思⼀样, 只不过把 间接宾语和直接宾语的顺序对调, ⽽且在间接宾语的前头加上介词 to, t-o, to.现在我们要作的练习就是把这两种说法作个⽐较. 请你注意听⽼师念我们刚才练习过的那种陈述句, 然后请你⽤上介词 to 把意思⽤另外⼀种说法表达出来. ⾸先举个例⼦.M: Kate has taught Jenny sewing.F: She has taught sewing to Jenny.

现在我们开始练习, 每作完⼀句就请你听正确答案. M: Kate has taught Jenny sewing. F: She has taught sewing to Jenny. M: Kate has lent Jenny her car. F: She has lent her car to Jenny.

M: Kate has mailed Jenny a package. F: She has mailed a package to Jenny. M: Henry has shown Jenny a map. F: He has shown a map to Jenny.

M: Henry has given Jenny some advice. F: He has given some advice to Jenny. M: Henry has written Jenny a letter. F: He has written a letter to Jenny.

在刚才那个练习⾥我们学习了直接宾语加上 to 再加上间接宾语的说法. 可是有些及物动词不应该跟 to ⼀起⽤, ⽽必须⽤另外⼀个介词 for, f-o-r, for. 最普通的两个例⼦就是 buy, b-u-y, buy 跟 get, g-e-t, get. 现在⽼师⽤这两个动词作⼏个句⼦说明亨利跟凯特买了些什么东西给珍妮.请你跟刚才⼀样作练习, 不过要记得改⽤介词 for. 现在我们开始. M: Henry and Kate Have bought Jenny a radio. F: They have bought a radio for Jenny. M: They have bought Jenny a dictionary. F: They have bought a dictionary for Jenny. M: They have gotten Jenny a sewing machine. F: They have gotten a sewing machine for Jenny. M: They have gotten Jenny a desk. F: They have gotten a desk for Jenny.

⽤上介词的说法你都会了吗? 这种说法很常⽤,尤其是直接宾语是代名词的时候就⾮⽤这种说法不可, ⽐⽅: Henry has given itto Peter. 在下⾯⼀组练习⾥, ⽼师提出⼀些问句, 内容都是说到亨利和凯特为孩⼦们作的事情, 然后学⽣把句⼦⾥的主语跟直接宾语改为代名词, 再⽤上适当的介词作肯定的答覆. 在学⽣作练习的时候请你也⼀起作. M: Has Henry given Peter some money? F: Yes, he has given it to Peter.

M: Has Kate shown Peter a new book? F: Yes, she has shown it to Peter.

M: Has Henry bought Linda a swimming suit? F: Yes, he has bought it for Linda.

M: Has Kate taught Linda an English lesson? F: Yes, she has taught it to Linda.

M: Have Henry and Kate gotten Jenny a sewing machine? F: Yes, they have gotten it for Jenny.

M: Have Henry and Kate mailed Jenny a package? F: Yes, they have mailed it to Jenny. 四.听短⽂回答问题

今天我们要听的⽂章内容是说美国家庭怎么样应付孩⼦们的⼤学教育费,住宿费等等问题, ⽐⽅孩⼦⼩的时候他们就开始存钱,孩⼦⼤了以后可以⾃⼰找份⼯作挣学费, 或是先向借贷等等. 现在请你注意听.

Nearly all American students in colleges and universities pay for their educations. There are many costs. First of all, there istuition. At some schools, the tuition is very high, ten thousand dollars a year or more. At other schools, it may only be a few

hundred dollars a year. At some community colleges, tuition is free. There are other costs as well. Many students leave theirhomes to go to schools in other cities. They may live in dormitories or apartments, and they must pay for it. Finally, studentsmust buy textbooks for their courses. Going to college or university can be a big expense. Some families start saving moneyfor their children's education when the children are small. Many students work to save money for tuition. They can also getloans from the government. They pay the money back to the government when they finish their education. 现在我们先来听今天测验的三个问题, 然后我会再请⽼师把整段⽂章念⼀遍. 第⼀个问题是:

M: What do American students pay for? 第⼆个问题是:

M: Is the tuition the same at all American colleges and universities? 第三个问题是:

M: How do Americans pay for college education? 现在我们再来听英⽂⽼师⽤慢速度把整段⽂章念⼀遍.

Nearly all American students in colleges and universities pay for their educations. There are many costs. First of all, there istuition. At some schools, the tuition is very high, ten thousand dollars a year or more. At other schools, it may only be a fewhundred dollars a year. At some community colleges, tuition is free. There are other costs as well. Many students leave theirhomes to go to schools in other cities. They may live in dormitories or apartments, and they must pay for it. Finally, studentsmust buy textbooks for their courses. Going to college or university can be a big expense. Some families start saving moneyfor their children's education when the children are small. Many students work to save money for tuition. They can also getloans from the government. They pay the money back to the government when they finish their education. 现在请你回答今天测验的三个问题. 回答之后请你听⽼师念正确答案.

第⼀个问题是:

M: What do American students pay for?

F: They pay tuition and they buy textbooks for their courses. When they livein dormitories or apartments they must pay for it as well. 第⼆个问题是:

M: Is the tuition the same at all American colleges and universities?

F: No, it is not the same. It may be ten thousand dollars a year or only a fewhundred dollars a year. At some schools tuition is free. 第三个问题是:

M: How do Americans pay for college education?

F: American families save money for their children's education. Many students work to save money. They can also get loansfrom the government.