1.虚拟语气的含义
（语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的意图或态度，英语中有三种语气—陈述，祈使，虚拟。） 虚拟语气表示所表达的只是一种主观愿望，假象或建议。不要可能实现的事情。
2.虚拟语气的常见表示：if引导的虚拟语气
与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反 与将来事实相反 从句—条件句 If+主语+动词过去式（be用were） If+主语+had 动词分词 主句 主语+should/could/would/might+动词原形 主语+should/could/would/might+have动词过去分词 If+主语+动词过去（be用主语+should/could/would/might+动词were） 原形 If+主语+were to do If+主语+should do
练习题（1）
如果我有时间，我就和你去。
__________________________________________________________________________ 练习题（2）
如果我是你，我就向老师请教。
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3.虚拟语气的常见表示：错综虚拟语气
错综虚拟语气，指的是，主句和从句时态不一致。根据从句，主句时间选择相应动词形式。还是根据上表。
If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now.（翻译成中文）
如果你听了医生的话，你现在就好了。听医生的话是与过去事实相反，而主句说的是现在，这就是错综虚拟语气。
练习题（3）如果你听取了我的建议，你现在会更好。
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4.虚拟语气的常见表示：虚拟语气的省略
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在if条件句中如果后边是were,had,should可省略if,将were，had,should提前 例句：If it had rained last week, the crops wouldn’t have died. = Had it rained last week, the crops wouldn’t have died.
练习题(4)：
If I were you, I would ask teacher for help.
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但是注意，如果条件句为否定句的话，不能用动词的否定缩略。E.g Were it not for expensive, I would buy it.这样是对的。
5.虚拟语气的常见表示：wish引导的虚拟语气
3.wish引导的虚拟语气。wish后面接的宾语从句，后边接的动词为—与if引导的虚拟条件句很相似
现在-- 动词过去式，be 用were
过去-- had done (could have done)
将来-- would/could /(might) +动词原形
例句：我希望我是一只小鸟。
I wish I were a bird.
练习题(5).
我希望我昨天看到了那个明星。
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6.虚拟语气的常见表示：as if / as though引导的虚拟语气
as if /as though(好像) 引导虚拟语气 现在-- 动词过去式，be 用were 过去-- had done
将来-- would/could /(might) +动词原形
e.g: She treats the student as if he were her own child. 可以和wish放在一起记忆，都是和if引导的虚拟条件句很相似。
as if /as though不一定后边接虚拟语气，具体看句子意思，是否说的是不可能实现的事情。
7.虚拟语气的常见表示：建议类的虚拟语气
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一个坚持insist,两个命令 order command; 三个建议 suggest advise recommend; 四个要求 require request demand desire 后接宾语从句，宾语从句结构为：主语 +should + 动词原形，should可以省略。
注意:suggest意思是“暗示，表明”意思时，insist当“坚持说”的意思时，不用虚拟语气 e.g They have suggested that the general public be encouraged to help with the problem. John’s pale face suggested that he was ill.
I suggested that something should be done immediately. He insisted that he was right.
He insisted that the boy should go with his own mum.
（类似的注意点—suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea等+that引导的从句，一般都是表示建议，提议，计划的虚拟。
也是后面接should do， should 可以被省略。） 练习题（6）
It is proposed that we ____ advantage of the wind energy to solve the shortage of electricity.
A. should be take B. took C. will take D. take
此外，in case， in order that, so that 引导的状语从句中，动词用would/could/should/might+动词原形。
（for fear that 一般后边接should+动词原形， should可以省略。） E.g They left early in case they would miss their train.)
It is (high) time(that)+动词过去式/should do 意思为早该做某事。
8.虚拟语气的常见表示：含蓄虚拟语气
5含蓄虚拟语气（含义：其他手段代替了条件句。）
标志词：without, but for, or, otherwise, but, if only等。
e.g But for his help, I could not have finished the task on time.
I was ill yesterday. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sport meeting.
He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it. I should have given you more help, but I was too busy. If only I had enough money, I could buy some new clothes.
含蓄虚拟语气需要自行判断哪句是条件句,哪句是结果句（主句），主句的表示依照if表格中主句对应各个时态的表示。
课后练习：
1. I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I ____. A. were injured B. would be injured
C. had been injured D. would have been injured
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2. I wish I ______ at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.
A.will be B.would be C.have been D.had been
3. Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I ______ as well as her.
A.dance B.will dance C.had danced D.danced
4. Without his wartime experiences, Hamingway ______ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.
A.didn’t write B.hadn’t written C.wouldn’t write D.wouldn’t have written
5. Thank you for your timely help.Otherwise I _____in the experiment. A.had failed B.would have failed C.have failed D.will fail
6. If you ______ at school, you ______ a college student now. A.had studied hard; would have been
B.should studied hard; should have been C.had studied hard; would be D.would studied hard; must have been
7. --There will be a new film tonight.
--Yes.But for tomorrow’s test, I______ to see it with you.
A.will go B.will have gone C.would go D. would have gone
8. --Little Daniel is watering the flowers! Why?
--Well, I’m not feeling very well today—otherwise I______ it myself. A．did B．would do C.have done D.will have done
9. I don’t know what would have happened to you______ an eye on you. A.if we don’t keep B.should we not keep C.would we not keep D.had we not kept
10.–Did you make it at last?
--Yes. But for your help, it______a serious loss.
A.will cause B. would cause C.would have caused D. had caused
11. I would rather they ______tomorrow. A.came B．come C．will come D．shall come
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12. I regret not having taken your advice. Otherwise I ______ this mistake.
A. did not make B.would not make C. had not made D.would not have made
13. But for the chances I was blessed with, my life______ easily a turn for the worse. A. would take B.will have taken C.should take D.could have taken
14. ______the rain stop , the crops would be saved. A.Will B．would C.Should D.Had
15.It is high time that middle school students______ more sleeping hourss every day. They are probably the most hard-working people in China. A.will have B．have had C.have D.had
16. - How could I thank you enough?
--Don’t mention it, Any other man______ that.
A.would do B.will do C.would have done D.must have done
17.一 We didn' t take part in the social activity yesterday. --I______, either, if my teacher hadn ' t reminded me of it. A.didn’t B．hadn’t C.wouldn’t D.wouldn’t have
18.The police recommended that you______ respond to any email requesting your personal information on the Internet. A.needn’d B．shouldn’t C.wouldn’t D.couldn’t
19.I booked a room, or we ______ nowhere to stay now.
A.had B．had had D.would have had
C.would have
20.______the morning train, he wouldn’t have been late for the meeting.
A. Did he catch B. Should he catch C.Has he caught D. Had he caught
参：
练习题（1）—If I had time, I would go with you.
练习题（2）If I were you, I would ask teacher for help.
练习题（3）If you had taken my advice, you would be better now. 练习题（4）Were I you, I would ask teacher for help. 练习题 (5) I wish I had seen that star yesterday.
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练习题（6）D
课后练习：
DDDDB CCBDC ADDDD CDBCD
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