常见英语活跃动词的搭配和应用
常见英语活跃动词的搭配和应用
★★.agree
*1. agree with (sb.) 同意某人。指某人的意见、观点、看法、讲的话等,(抽象意义) *2. agree to (sth.) 同意某事。指计划、建议、提案、安排等;(具体的、有文字) *3. agree on / upon (sth.) 商定、约定;指在某事、某观点上双方达成一致,或具有相同意见 e.g. The two sides have agreed on the date of negotiation. 双方商定了谈判的日期。 4. agree to do sth. 同意做某事
5. sth. agree with sb. 某物适合某人 (常用于否定意义)
e.g. The climate doesn’t agree with me. 我的身体不适合这里气候。/ 这里气候不适合我。
That kind of life didn’t agree with him. 那种生活他过不惯。
★★.break
1. break away ① 突然离开 ②(被抓住的人)逃脱,脱身 **2. break down ① 打破,毁掉,坍塌 *②(机器等)坏了,(汽车)抛锚 ③(精神、健康)垮下来 ④(谈判、唱歌、电话等)突然中止、停顿 ⑤ (计划等)失败、不成功
*3. break in ① 强行进入,闯入 ② 插话,打断
4. break into ① 闯入,破门而入(sw.) ② 突然...起来 e.g. break into cheers 突然欢呼起来 5. break off ① (使)折断 ② 突然停止(讲话) ③ 断绝,结束 ④ 暂停工作、休息一下 e.g. Let’s break off for 15 minutes. **6. break out / forth *①(战争、火灾、疫病等)突然发生、爆发,(没被动态,由外力、外因引起)
② 卸货,倒空(容器)
7. break through ① 突围 ② 突破、冲垮(障碍)
8. break up ① 打碎,拆散 ② 驱散(人群、集会) ③ (体力)衰退, 意志动摇
④(集会)结束,(学期)结束
e.g. When do you break up? 你们什么时候放假? ⑤(天气)变坏
*9. break away from ① 脱离(政党、教会) ② 与...断绝来往
③ 放弃习惯、打破陈规,对应: get rid of / do away with
★.bring
1. bring about ①带来、实现 ② 引起、使发生
2. bring back ① 带回、拿回来 ② 使回忆(起来) ③ 使恢复(健康) *3. bring down ① 使倒下、 ② 降低(物价、温度) 4. bring forth ① 使产生、开花、结果 ② 引起
5. bring forward ① 提出(建议、计划) ② 把...提前 ③ 涌现出、显示 6. bring in ① 收(庄稼)= get in ② 使得到(收入)、挣得(钱) ③ 引来、引进 *7. bring out ① 摆出(事实) ② 阐明(意思),提出(问题) ③ 出版、生产 8. bring through ① 使度过困难 ② 救活(病人)
*9. bring up ① 提出(看法、事情供讨论、考虑) *② 抚养、带大,教育培养 ③ 呕吐
★.burn
*1. burn down *① 烧掉、烧毁,把…烧成白地、废墟 ②(蜡烛等)渐渐烧完 ③ 火力减弱
2. burn off ① 烧掉(稻草、文件等)
*3. burn out ① 烧坏(灯泡、电器) ② 烧掉(房子、店、财产等) ③ 精力耗尽 *④ 烧尽、烧光、烧空(指房屋仅剩四壁) e.g. The candle burnt out. 蜡烛烧完了。
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4. burn up ① (炉火)旺起来、烧起来 ② 烧掉 (某物) ③使发怒
★.burst
*1. burst forth *① 突发、爆发、迸发(强调由内力引起) e.g. The water pipe burst forth.水管爆裂
② 喷出,突然出现
2. burst in ① 闯进来 ② 打断 e.g. burst in upon a conversation 打断谈话 ③ 突然出现、突然来到 e.g. burst in upon sb. 突然出现在某人面前 3. burst into ① 闯入 e.g. burst into the room ② 突然...起来,突然发作
e.g. burst into flames 突然烧起来 / laughter 突然笑起来 / tears 突然哭起来 The entire hall burst into thunderous cheers. 会场发出雷鸣般的欢呼。 ③ 开出(花) e.g. burst into blossom 开花
*4. burst out *①(战争、疾病)突然发生、爆发 = break out ② 大声喊叫 e.g. burst out a cry
③ 突然...起来 e.g. burst out langhing 突然笑起来 /crying 突然哭起来
★★.call
*1. call at (sw.) ①(火车、轮船)停靠、停留 *② 去某处拜访某人 e.g. call at sb’s home / house / office *2. call for *① 专程来叫、来接某人,邀约(sb.) ② 要求、号召、提倡 相当于:ask for
③ 把...召来 e.g. Call for the waiter / bill. 招侍者、结帐 ④ 叫人帮忙、呼救 3. call in ① 来访、拜访某人(sb.) ② 召集、招请某人 e.g. call in a doctor
③ 收回(图书、债款、旧币等) e.g. call in all the books
4. call off ① 把人叫走 ② 放弃、取消 (计划、比赛、会议、约会等)
③(思想、注意力)转移开
*5. call on / upon sb. *① 拜访、看望某人 ② 号召(人做某事)、呼吁、请求 ③ 约请、指派 6. call out ① 大声叫唤,喊出来 ② 出动()
③ 请去(出诊) ④ 命令(工人)罢工
7. call up ① 打电话(给某人) = ring up = phone up ② 征召 (入伍) ③ 提出(议案)
④ 使人想起 e.g. The picture calls up the story of Red Crag. (红岩)
★.carry
1. carry away ① 运走、拿走 ② 使入迷
e.g. The audience were carried away by his inspiring speech.
③ 冲昏头脑、失去自制力 e.g. not to be carried away by success / victory 2. carry back ① 运回、拿回 ② 使...回想起
e.g. The picture carried me back to my days in the college.
3. carry forward ① 推进、发展、发扬 ② 结账,帐目转入(下页、下册) 4. carry off ① 运走、夺走、抢走 ② 获得(奖品等) *5. carry on ① 继续开展、进行(sth.) ② 坚持下去
*6. carry out *① 贯彻、执行、落实(、计划、命令、任务) ②开展,实现,进行(到底) *7. carry through ①贯彻、进行到底 e.g. carry the revolution through to the end 把进行到底
② 完成 (计划、战斗) ③ 帮助,使...渡过困难、难关
★.catch
1. catch at ① 想抓住、设法抓住、死命抓住(sth.)
2. catch on ① 挂住、钩住e.g. Her dress caught on a nail. 裙子被钉子钩住。
② 变得流行,受到大家的喜爱 ③ 理解 e.g. I don’t catch on what he is saying.
*3. catch up with sb. / sth. ① 赶上某人 ② 补上工作 e.g. I will try to catch up with my work.
★.clear
1. clear away ① 把…清除掉、排除(障碍)
② (云、雾等)消散 e.g. The mist has cleared away. 薄雾消散了。
*2. clear off ① 消除、清除 (积雪、障碍、负担、烦恼) ② 清偿(债务)
③ 走开、溜走 ④ (云、雾等)消散 ⑤ 把...擦掉
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3. clear out ① 离开、逃走 ② 把...清出、出空 ③ 把(钱)用光
**4. clear up ①(天气)转晴 *② 澄清、弄清(事实、) ③ 消除、解除(误会、疑惑) ④ 整理收拾,清除障碍 e.g. Clear up the things on the table. 整理书桌
★★★.come
**1. come across ① 越过…,来到某处 ②偶然发现某物 *③ 碰到、偶遇某人
2. come along ① 跟去、一道去 ② 走吧,赶快 = come on ③ 进行、生长 3. come back ① 回来 ② 回想、旧事重现 ③ (健康)恢复 *4. come down ①(树)倒下,(房屋)倒塌 ② (温度、价格)下降 ③ 病倒、患病
④ 降下,没落 e.g. come down in the society 社会地位降低 ⑤ 流传下来
5. come forward ① 涌现 ② 主动响应、站出来要求做某事 *6. come from *① 出身于...(家庭) 区别:“出生于(某地)” be born in sw.
② 来自(某地) ③ 何处人 e.g. Where do you come from?
7. come in ① 进来,(火车)进站 ② 当选,上台执政 ③ (比赛时)获…名次 e.g. come in second 获第二名 ④ 到成熟季节,上市 e.g. When do crabs(螃蟹)come in? 8. come on / upon ① 赶快,走吧,跟着来 ② (风、雨等)袭来,开始
e.g. It came on dark. 天暗下来了。 It came on to rain just before daybreak. ③ 进展,长势 ④ 举行, 演出
*9. come out ① 出来,由...产生 ② 结果是,结局,显现 e.g. come out first 得第一名
③ 开花、发芽 ④ 出版 ⑤ 罢工 ⑥ 总数、合计 e.g. The total expense comes out at 5000 yuan.
10. come over ①(顺便)来访、来玩 ② 过来,从远处来 ③ 转到…方向来,、投诚 11. come round ① 前来,(非正式)来访 e.g. Come round when you have time. 有空来玩。 ② 苏醒过来、(病人)复元 ③ 回心转意,改变主意
**12. come to *① 总共是、合计 (=add up to) *② 苏醒、恢复知觉,醒悟过来
e.g. come to oneself / one’s senses / life
*③ 达成(谅解),做出(决定) e.g. come to an understanding 取得谅解
come to a decision / conclusion 作出决定 / 结论 ④ 达到...地步,得到...结果
e.g. The enemy’s plan came to nothing 敌人的计划一场空。 That bad egg will come to no good end. 那个坏蛋没有好下场。
13. come up ① 走上前来、走近 ② 上来、上楼 ③ 长出、发芽 ④ 流行起来 14. come up to ① 达到、符合 e.g. The water came up to his waist. 水达到他的腰部。 come up to standard 合乎标准
② 不辜负 e.g. come up to the Party’s expectation 不辜负党的期望
★★.cut
1. cut across ① 抄近路 ② 对直通过
2. cut away ① 剪掉、切掉、砍掉(局部、没用的部分) ② 逃走、跑开 *3. cut down ① 砍倒、砍死 ② 削减、减少、删节
③ 压缩、缩短 ④ 改短、改小(衣服)
4. cut in ① 插嘴 ② 插入(队伍) ③ (电)接通
**5. cut off ① 切掉、切除、割掉(整体地) ② 剪断、剪下、删去
*③ 断绝、切断(联系、来往),使隔绝
e.g. cut off the enemy’s retreat 切断敌人退路
Never cut yourself off from the masses. 决不要脱离群众。
④ 切断(电话), *⑤(水、电、煤等供应的)突然中断 *6. cut out ① 切掉、割掉、删掉 ② 戒掉(烟、酒)、改掉坏习惯 e.g. cut out drinking
③ 剪下、裁剪衣服 ④ 突然熄火,停止,关掉(机器)
7. cut through ① 穿过、抄近路 ② 刺穿、凿穿、剪断
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★.die
1. die away ① (声音)变弱,慢慢消逝 ②停息,消失
2. die down ① 火(慢慢)熄灭 ② (风、掌声)平息下来 ③(草木)枯萎 **3. die from *死于…原因(指意外事故、战争、自然灾害等)(意外死亡) **4. die of *死于…原因(指年老、饥寒、疾病等)(正常死亡)
注:如疾病有具体病名时要改用 from, e.g. die from cancer / Aids / TB (肺病) 5. die off ① 绝种 ② 相继死去、直至死光(有渐渐的意思)
*6. die out ① (火)熄灭 ② 变弱、消失 ③绝种、灭绝(状态)
★.do
1. do out ① 打扫、收拾 e.g. do out a room 把房间收拾好
2. do up ① 收拾、整理 ② (女子)梳理头发、把头发盘起 e.g. do up one’s hair
③ 包扎、捆、系 ④修缮、整新 e.g. The house needs to be done up.
*3. do with ① 与(人)…相处 e.g. Fred is difficult to do with. Fred难以相处。 *② 对付、处置某事 常用于 what to do with sth.和how to deal with sth.结构 ③ 忍受、容忍
e.g. We can’t do with such carelessness. 不能容忍这种粗枝大叶的作风。 ④ 做完、结束某事 e.g. Let’s have done with it. 快把此事结束掉。
Have you done with that book I lent you? 借给你的那本书看完了吗? ⑤ 需要,希望得到;与can,could合用。
e.g. Tod could do with a haircut. Tod需要理发了。
*4. do away with sth. ① 消灭,废除 ② 清除、去掉
★.fall
1. fall back ① 后退、后撤、退却 e.g. Badly beaten, the intruderes fell back in disorder.
*2. fall behind ① 跟不上、落在后面,掉队e.g. fall behind with one’s studies 学习跟不上 ② 拖欠
3. fall in ①(房屋等)坍下,往里坍塌 ②(债务)到期,(租约)期满
4. fall into ①(河流)注入 e.g. The river falls into the sea. ② 陷入(混乱、错误)
③ (可)分成 e.g. The story falls into three parts. ④ 开始 e.g. fall into conversation with sb.
5. fall off ① 跌落,从(马上、树上)摔下, ② 减少、缩小 ③ 变坏、衰退 *6. fall on / upon ① 落在…上面 e.g. Jack’s eye fell upon me. Jack的目光落在我身上。
② 碰到、看到 ③ 袭击、猛攻、猛扑
e.g. Our brave fighters fell on the enemy like tigers. 战士们猛虎般扑向敌人。
7. fall over oneself ①(因匆忙、动作不灵活而)跌跤、摔倒 ② 热衷、渴望(for)
★★★.get
1. get about ① (消息)传开 ② 走动、旅行
2. get across ① 横过、穿过 ② 解释清楚、讲清楚 ③ 使人了解、领会某事 **3. get along (with sth.) ① 生活、工作情况 *② 事情进展好 e.g. get along well with one’s studies get along (with sb.) *① 与人相处(融洽) e.g. They are getting along quite well with each other. ② 走开!去你的! e.g. Get along with you! 4. get away ① 逃脱、逃掉 ② 摆脱、离开 e.g. I’m too busy to get away. 太忙脱不了身。 **5. get down ①从…下来、下车 ② 记下、写下 ③ 使生病、不适 e.g. The weather is getting me down. 多变的天气使我身体不适。
*④ 开始认真对待、考虑,认真着手某事 e.g. get down to business 开始做事 6. get in ① 进站、抵达 ② 收进来、收庄稼 ③ 插话
④ 请人来做 = call in e.g. Please get in a mechanic to repair the car.
*7. get off ① 从...下来,下车 ② 起飞,动身、离开 ③ 被放过、不受惩罚 8. get out ① 出去、离开,滚出去! ② (消息)泄漏 ③ 逃脱、摆脱、去掉
④ 拔出、弄出 ⑤ 公布、出版
**9. get over ① 做完、结束 ② 爬过(墙、篱笆等) *③ 从病中恢复、痊愈
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④克服(困难、某种情绪) ⑤ 走完一段路程 ⑥ 忍受、熬过
10. get round / around ① (消息)传开 ② 绕开、回避(法律) ③ 说服、争取某人 **11. get through ① 到达(某处) ②从(人群中)通过 ③(电话)接通 ④ 度过(时间)、花完(钱) ⑤ (提案、考试)通过 *⑥办完(事情)、看完(书)、完成(任务)
12. get to ① 到达(某处) ② 抓住、触及(问题要害、事物本质) ③ 开始 get to talking 13. get together ① 聚集、收集 ② 相聚、联欢 get-together 联欢会 14. get up ① 起床、起立 ② 爬上、登上 ③安排、组织、筹备 e.g. get up a performance
★★★.give
*1. give away ① 送掉、分发(物品、奖品) ② 放弃(机会) ③ 背弃、出卖
④ 暴露、泄露(秘密) e.g. His clothes gave him away. 他的衣着暴露了身份。
*2. give in *① 让步、屈服 ② 交上(考卷)、呈上(文件) **3. give off *发出、放出(光、烟、蒸气等,)(指看得见的东西) **4. give out *①发出(光、气味、热量等,)(指看不见的东西) ② 分发、散发
③ 公布、发表 e.g. give out information
④ 用完、耗尽、力竭 e.g. Our supplies began to give out. His strength gave out.
5. give over ① 停止、放弃 ② 交给、托付 ③ 让位于…、给…让路 = give way to *6. give up *① 放弃,停止 e.g. give up smoking *② 认输、投降 ③ 泄漏(秘密)
④ 交出、让出 e.g. give up one’s seat to that old man 让座给老人
★★★.go
1. go about ① 走动、(无一定方向) ②(消息)流传
③ 从事、干、进行某事 e.g. How shall we go about the job?
2. go after ① 追求、追逐 = be after ② 设法得到 3. go against ① 反对、违反 ② 不利于
e.g. The game is going against the blue team 比赛对蓝队越来越不利。
4. go ahead ① 向前、前进 *② 说吧、走吧、干吧,请便! ③ 走在前面 5. go back ① 回去(to sw.) ② 追溯到(to) 6. go beyond 超出、超过
7. go by ① 从...旁走过 ② 依照、按照...判断 e.g. go by appearance 按外表判断
③(时光)流逝、过去 e.g. As time goes by, 随着时光流逝 ④ 顺便走访 e.g. Jack was in when I went by yesterday.
*8. go down ① (价格、数量)下降 ② (船)下沉、(飞机)坠落 ③ (风)减弱、(海面)平静下来 ④ 倒下、垮台,病倒
e.g. go down in defeat 以失败而告终
⑤ 被接收、受欢迎 e.g. Your words won’t go down with me. ⑥ 传下去、被载入
e.g. Their heroic exploits will go down in history. 英雄业绩将被载入史册。
9. go into ① 加入、投入 e.g. go into the army , go into action , go into production
② 进入(某种状态)e.g. go into a rage 大发雷霆 ③ 进入,(门)通向 ④ 研究、探究(某问题)
e.g. go into details / go into the whys of everything 对每件事问为什么
10. go off ① 离去、走掉 ② 消失、去世 ③ 坏了、(食物)变质 e.g. Her voice is going off. 她嗓子坏了。
*11. go out ① (火)熄灭 ② (衣着式样)过时、不时新 ③ 外出、出国 ④ 罢工 *12. go over ① 走到另一边去 *② 复习、温习 ③ 仔细检查,再读一遍 ④ 转变、改变立场 **13. go round / around ① 四处走动,绕道走 ②访问,顺便走访
e.g. I went round to see my uncle yesterday.
*③ (东西)足够分配、够用 ④ 传播、蔓延
**14. go through *① 经历、经受(困难、痛苦、考验等) ② 检查、全面考虑
③ 做完某事、办完(手续) *④ 批准、通过(提案、考试等) *15. go up ① 上升、攀登 ② 增长、提高 e.g. Production keeps going up.
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③ 建立、建造、修建 e.g. New factories are going up everywhere. ④(水位)上涨,(物价)上涨
**16. go with *① 配合、与...相配 e.g. The tie doesn’t go with your shirt.
② 与某人持同一看法 ③ 与某人同行、陪某人一起去 (=go along with)
★.hand
1. hand down ① 把...传下去 e.g. 我们要把传统一代代传下去。→
We should hand down the revolutionary tradition from generation to generation
*2. hand in ① 上交、交上来 e.g. Time is up, now hand in your papers. ② 提交、交进去 3. hand on ① 传送、把…传递下去 ② 依次传递,尤指可多人使用的东西。 *4. hand out ① 把...拿出来 ② 分发、散发,把...发下去 e.g. Please hand out all the exercise books. *5. hand over ① 把…送交、交出 e.g. The thief was handed over to the police. 把小偷移交给警方。
② 移交(权力、责任、控制权)
6. hand round ①(沿着圈)传递 ② 把…传一圈
★.hang
1. hang about (=around) ① 闲荡 ② 聚在附近 2. hang back ① 不愿去 ② 犹豫,畏缩不前 3. hang behind ① 落在后面
*4. hang on ① 紧紧抓住、紧握着 ②坚持下去 ③ (电话)不挂断 ④ 渴望 e.g. hang on sb’s answers 渴望某人回答 ⑤ 倚、靠 e.g. hang on sb.’s arm 靠在某人手臂上
*5. hang out ① 上身伸出(窗外) ② 把...挂出
e.g. The woman hung all the washing out in the yard 把洗好的衣物挂在院子里。
Red flags were hanging out of every window. 每个窗口都挂着红旗。 *6. hang up ① 把...挂起来 ② 挂断(电话) ③ 耽搁、拖延
★★.hold
**1. hold back *① 阻碍、阻挡、阻止(不能前进了) e.g. No one can hold back the wheel of history.
② 忍住(眼泪)、拉住 ③ 退缩不前、踌躇
④ 隐瞒(消息)、扣住 e.g. You are holding it back from me. 你在故意瞒我
*2. hold down ① 控制、压低(物价) ②压制、 ③ 垂下(头) ④ 缩减(数量)
e.g. The man has not quit smoking, but is holding down to three cigarettes a day.
3. hold off ① 推迟、拖延 ② 保持距离、不使...接近 e.g. hold off the enemy 阻击敌人 *4. hold on ① 别挂(电话) ②抓住...不放、不放弃 ③ 坚持下去
④ 继续 e.g. The speaker held on for a full hour. 演讲者讲了整整一小时。
*5. hold out ① 伸出、端出 ② 坚持、不退让 e.g. hold out till victory 坚持到胜利 ③ 提出、提供 e.g. hold out a promise 作出承诺 ④ 支持、维持 6. hold over ① 将...推迟到...,延期 e.g. hold the matter over till the next meeting
② 期满后继任,续聘
7. hold to ① 坚持(原则、路线、方向)= stick to e.g. hold to the correct political orientation 坚持正确的政治方向 ② 紧紧抓住 e.g. hold fast to one’s gun 紧握手中
**8. hold up ① 举起、拿起...展示 *② 阻挡、使...停顿(可再前进)
e.g. hold up the traffic 使交通停顿 It held up at midnight. 午夜时雨止了。 ③ 继续下去、支持下去 ④ 支撑
9. hold together 结合在一起,使团结一致
★.hunt
*1. hunt for / after ① 打猎,搜索(没固定的目标) ② 寻找、搜寻(人或物)
2. hunt out ① 找出来、搜寻出
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3. hunt through ① 翻找,涉猎(书籍)
4. hunt up ① 猎取 ② 搜寻、寻找 e.g. We can hunt up the answers in the library.
★★.keep
1. keep back ① 留在后面、不前进 ② 阻止 ③ 隐瞒
④ 忍住(眼泪)e.g. keep back one’s tears
2. keep down ①卧下、蹲下 ② 控制、压服、 ③ 保留(食物等)
④缩减(开支) e.g. keep down non-productive expenses 缩减非生产性开支
*3. keep from *① 阻止、防止,使免于 e.g. keep sb. from doing sth. / keep sth. from being done
② 隐瞒 e.g. keep sth. from sb. 对某人隐瞒某事、某事瞒着某人
**4. keep off ① 避开、让开,不接近 e.g. Keep off grass! 勿踏草地! ② 防止、挡住
*③ 不让...接近,远离 e.g. Keep your hands off the exhibits. 勿手模展品.
*5. keep out *① 使在外,留在外 e.g. Danger! Keep out! 危险!切勿入内! ②不让进 6. keep to ① 遵循 = follow ② 保持、坚持、固守习惯 ③ (车辆)靠… e.g. keep to the left 7. keep under ① 压制 ② 控制 e.g. The fire has been kept under. 火势被控制住了。 **8. keep up *① 保持,维持,坚持 e.g. keep up a correspondence with sb. 和某人保持通信 ② 继续(某活动) ③(价格)不下降
*④(斗志、勇气等)不低落 e.g. keep up your courage / spirit鼓起勇气、振作精神 *9. keep up with 跟上,不落在后面 = catch up with
e.g. We’ll keep up with the rapid developing situation. 我们将跟上飞速发展的形势。
★.knock
*1. knock down ① 撞倒、击倒,击落 ② 拆除,拆卸 = pull down
*③ 降低(价格),迫使(某人)降价
**2. knock into (sb.) ① 撞在某人身上 *② 偶遇某人 *3. knock off ① 停工,中断工作
e.g. When do you usually knock off for lunch? 你们一般何时停工吃饭?
*② 减掉、除去价格尾数 ③ 把...敲掉、击倒某人 e.g. knock sb. off his feet 把某人在地
④ 很快写出(文章等) e.g. knock off a few lines 匆匆写几句
4. knock out ①(拳击中)击倒、打昏某人 ② 击落(飞机) ③ 使筋疲力尽 knock oneself out
④ 匆匆制定(计划等) knock out an idea 匆匆想出个主意 ⑤ 摧毁、破坏
5. knock up ① 敲门把某人叫醒,召唤 ② 匆忙做成某事
e.g. Mother knocked up a meal in half an hour. 妈妈在半小时内匆匆做好了饭。
③ 使疲惫,筋疲力尽
e.g. John was completely knocked up from overwork. John因过度工作而疲惫不堪。
★.know *1. know of ① 听说某人某事 ② 知道,了解(大致情况)
e.g. I don’t know the singer, but I know of him. 我不认识那歌手,但听说过他。
*2. know about ① 知道、了解某人、某事(详细情况) 3. 词组: *sb. / sth. be known as 以...闻名的,出名的,(后接身份、名称)
e.g. Mr. Smith is known as a physicist.
*be known for sth. 因...而出名,以...而著称,(后接具体东西) e.g. China is known for its tea and silk.
*sb. / sth. be known to all 众所周知
4. 句型: *As is known to all, / As we all know, / It is known to all that… 众所周知 (非限定从) (状语从句) (主语从句)
★.lay
*1. lay aside ① 把...放一边,把...搁置(暂不解决) e.g. The plan has been laid aside.
② 积蓄,把...留待后用 e.g. lay aside 500 yuan a month 每月积蓄500元
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*2. lay down ① 放下,躺下 e.g. lay down one’s arms 放下武器, lay down one’s office 辞职
*② 交出,献出(生命) e.g. lay down one’s life for = give one’s life for 为...牺牲生命
③ 制定(计划),规定(原则) e.g. lay down the law 制定法规 ④ 兴建、建造、铺设 e.g. lay down a railway 铺设铁路
3. lay out *① 设计(园林),安排(版面) ② 布置(工作)
e.g. The work for tomorrow is all laid out.
③ 花钱、投资 e.g. lay out a large sum of money in purchasing advanced equipment
→ 大量投资购进先进设备。
★.leave
*1. leave alone ① 不管、不理会、不惹
e.g. Leave her alone. 别管 / 理她!Leave that box alone. 别碰那箱子。
② 让一个人待着,一个人留下 e.g. Tony didn’t want to be left alone. Tony不愿意一个人待着。
*2. leave behind ①把...丢在后面,超过 ② 留下,忘记带走 e.g. Take care not to leave anything behind. 当心别丢下东西。/ 别忘了东西! ③ 遗留 e.g. a diary left behind by the martyr 烈士留下的日记
3. leave off ① 停止、中断 e.g. Tom has left off working. Tom停止工作了。
Has the rain left off yet? 雨停了没有?= Has it left off raining? 天不下雨了吗?
② 不再使用,不再穿 e.g. I have left off medicine. 我不再吃药了。 4. leave out ① 漏掉(没写) ② 省去、略去,删掉
③ 不考虑 e.g. leave out the possibility of sb.’s coming 排除某人来的可能性
5. leave over ① 留下、剩下 e.g. the questions left over by history 历史遗留下来的问题
② 暂不解决,使延期 e.g. Leave this matter over till tomorrow.
★.let
*1. let alone ① 不管、不碰、不干涉 e.g. Let my things alone. 别碰我的东西。
Let it alone! 不要管它!别碰它! Let him alone to do it! 让他自己干吧! *② 更不用说 The baby can’t even walk, let alone run. 路都不会走,更不用说跑了。 2. let down ① 放下,放低 e.g. let down a curtain 放下幕布
②(飞机)减速下降 ③ 使失望、失信,辜负,不支持
e.g. Don’t let me down. 别使我失望啊。
*3. let off ① 放过、饶恕,不惩罚 ② 放掉(蒸气等) ③ 燃放(鞭炮、烟火等) ④ 准许某人暂时停止工作
**4. let out ① 放掉(水,气等) ② 放掉(人,动物或鸟) ③ 放大(衣服)
*④ (下意识地 )发出喊声
e.g. Suddenly the woman let out a cry while watching TV.
*⑤ 泄露(消息) e.g. Someone has let the news out. 有人把消息泄露了。
★★★.look
*1. look about ① (四下)环顾、寻找 (人有走动) ② 查看、考虑
e.g. look about carefully before making the final decision.
2. look after ① 照看、照顾,关心 ② 目送,寻求
*3. look around / round ① 环顾,东张西望 (身体不动) ② 观光 e.g. to look round the city
③ 来访 e.g. Thank you, I’ll look around again in the evening. 谢谢,我晚上再来。 ④ 察看,慎重考虑,Look round well before taking any step. 采取步骤前要慎重考虑。
4. look at ① 看,察看 e.g. That’s the way I look at it. 这是我的看法。
The worker came to look at the drainage. 那位工人是来检查排水设备的。
② 考虑 e.g. They refuse to look at my suggestion. 他们拒不考虑我的建议。
5. look back ① 回想、回顾、回忆
e.g. look back to the past, 回顾过去 look back into history 回顾历史
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② 倒退,停止不前(常用于否定)
e.g. Since then our group has never looked back. → 从那时起我们小组就一直不断前进。
6. look for ① 寻找 ② 期待 e.g. look for sb.’s arrival *7. look into ① 朝...里面看去,窥视 *② 观察、调查、研究
*8. look on ① 观看 ② 旁观 e.g. looker(s) – on 旁观者,
In no case will they look on passively. 他们决不会消极旁观。
③ 合看、合读 e.g. May I look on with you? 可以和你合看这本书吗?
*④ 把...看作,看待(as) e.g. look on sb. / sth. as...
9. look out ① 朝外看,把头伸到窗外看 ② 注意、当心、留神 ③ 查出、找出
④ 搜寻、找出 e.g. I have to look out those letters.
10. look over ① 从...上面看过去 ② 原谅(过错)
③ 检查、察看、审阅 e.g. The teacher is looking over our examination papers.
**11. look through ① 透过…看去 ② 仔细查看、审核 ③ 温习(笔记)
④ 看穿、识破 e.g. look through the enemy’s trick 识破敌人花招 *⑤ 浏览、翻阅(从头到尾看一遍) e.g. The girl looked through a number of journals.
12. look to ① 负责,看管 e.g. Let me look to that. 我来负责这事。
② 注意、留心 e.g. Look to it that you make no more similar mistakes. ③ 指望 e.g. look to sb. for help, look to sb. to do sth.
**13. look up ① 向上看 *② 查找,在(词典、参考书中)查
③ 尊敬,仰望 e.g. look up to sb. as one’s teacher 把某人尊为自己的老师
④ (价格)上涨 e.g. Prices are looking up.
⑤ (天气、情况的)好转 e.g. The weather is looking up. Things are looking up.
*14. look down upon sb. 看不起、轻视某人
★★.make
1. make away ① 赶快离开 ② 逃走
2. make for ① 走向,朝...走去,向...前进 e.g. make for the door ② 有助于、有利于、促进 e.g. Culture exchanges make for mutual understanding. 文化交流有助于相互了解。
③ 向...猛攻,冲向...
*3. make off ① 匆匆离开、逃走 *② (携物、人)逃走 e.g. make off with sth. / sb. *4. make out *① 看清楚,辨认出 ② 理解、了解
③ 开列、书写、填写 e.g. Make / write out a check 开张支票
make out a list of books. 开列书单 Let’s make out another copy. 再抄写一份吧。
④ 假装、企图证明 e.g. Tod made out to be ill. Tod假装生病。 I don’t see what you are trying to make out. 我不明白你要证明什么。
**5. make up *① 编写、编造、虚构、捏造 ② 编辑、编排(版面) *③ 由...构成、组成(of) e.g. The medical team is make up of ten doctors and three nurses. → 医疗队由十名医生和三名护士组成。
*④ 弥补、补偿、补足(for),赔偿 e.g. make up for the lost time 弥补失去的时间
We must make it up to him somehow. 我们得想办法赔偿他。 ⑤ 补课、补考 e.g. make up missed lessons ⑥(演员)化装、打扮 ⑦ 整理房间、准备床铺 e.g. make up a bed on the floor 临时搭地铺
**6. make from = sth. be made from sth. 某物由某材料制造(指材料发生变化)
make of = sth. be made of sth. 某物由某材料制造(指材料未发生变化) make into = sth. be made into sth. 把某材料制成某物(指从原料到成品)
★.open
*1.open to / into ①(门)通向 e.g. The door opens on the street. 这门通大街。
= open on / onto The door opens to / into the dining-room 这门通向食堂。 ②(门、窗)对...开着 e.g. The window opens to the east. 窗朝东开着。
③ 通车 open to traffic,又:open to the public 向公众开放
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2. open out ① 打开、展开 ② 开发,开辟 ③ 畅谈,直言e.g. open out to each other 互相畅谈 3. open up ① 打开、展开 ② 开发,开垦 ③ 开始,开火、发动攻击
★.pass
*1. pass away ① 消逝、终止 ② 度过、消磨(时间) ③ 死亡、逝世(书面语) *2. pass by ① (时间)过去 ② 从...旁走过 ③ 置之不理
3. pass for ① 被认为...,被当作...
e.g. Bob passes for a learned man. Bob被认为是个有学问的人。
② 冒充、假装成 e.g. The young man passed for a doctor. 把自己装扮成医生。
4. pass off ① 过去,(逐渐)消失 e.g. The day passed off calmly. 这一天平静地过去了。 ② 事情发生,事情顺利进行
e.g. The meeting passed off with success. 会议进行得很成功。
③ (感觉等)终止、停止 e.g. Has the pain passed off yet? 不痛了吧! *5. pass on ① 传递(物品) ② 传下去、传授 ③ 转入、往下谈
*6. pass through ① 经历、经受 e.g. The man passed through a difficult period after his wife died.
★.pick
*1. pick out ① 挑出、选出、指出 ② 辨别出、区别出、认出 e.g. pick out an old friend in a crowd.
③ 看出、嗅出 e.g. pick out a scent 闻出气味
④ 领会 e.g. pick out the meaning of a poem
**2. pick up ① 捡起、拾起(sth.) ② 收拾工具,整理房间 ③ 跌倒后自己爬起
*④(未经正规听课)学会(语言) *⑤(车、船等)接人;顺路捎人、带货
⑥ 加快(速度) e.g. The train began to pick up speed.
⑦ (偶然、无意地)获得消息、知识、收益 e.g. pick up some knowledge of physics *⑧ 使恢复健康、振作精神 e.g. pick up one’s courage 鼓起勇气
The old man is beginning to pick up. 老人的健康正在渐渐恢复。
★★.pull
*1. pull down *① 拉倒、推倒,拆掉(房屋等)= knock down
② 摧毁、推翻 e.g. pull down the reactionaries反对派
③ 使身体虚弱,精神不振 ④ 使(价格等)降低、下跌
2. pull off ① 脱(衣、帽等)= take off = put off ② 实现、执行计划 e.g. pull off a plan *3. pull out ① 拔出、挖出,拔掉(牙) ② 离开、撤出
*③ 渡过难关,恢复健康 ④ (车、船等)驶离车站、码头
**4. pull through ① 渡过危机、危险 e.g. pull sb. through difficulties 使某人渡过难关 *② 从病中恢复过来,使某人脱离险境(常指老人病危抢救过来) e.g. At last the old woman pulled through. 最后老大娘恢复了健康。 5. pull up ① 拔起(树、草等) ② 阻止 ③(车子)停下
e.g. The car pulled up at the gate. = The driver pulled up the car at the gate. → 车在门口停下。
★★★.put
*1. put aside ① 把...放一边 ② 留出(时间、粮食等) *③ 储存…备用,积蓄钱
2. put away ① 把...收起来,把...放回原处 e.g. Put the books away on the shelf. ② 收拾、放好(东西、工具等) e.g. put away one’s tools after work. ③ 储存...备用 ④ 放弃、打消(想法) 3. put back ① 放回原处 ② 推迟、延期、使后退 e.g. put back acting ③ 拨回(时钟) *4. put down ① 放下(sth.) ② 写下来、记下来 ③削减(开支)
④ 贬低、使降职 ⑤平定、,取缔e.g. put down a rebellion 平定叛乱
⑥ 制止,使安静下来 e.g. put down the gossip 制止流言蜚语
5. put forward ① 放出、拿出 ② 提出(建议、意见、看法、口号、任务等) ③ 提前,(把钟表)拨快 ④ 推举 e.g. put sb. forward as a candidate
*6. put in ① 把...放进,伸进 ② 插话、为人讲好话 e.g. put in a good word for sb.
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*③ 提出要求、申请(和for连用)e.g. I had put in for the job. 我已申请了这工作。 put in a claim for $1, 000 damages 提出一项一千美元的赔偿要求 ④ 投入(时间、人力、精力),作出(努力) e.g. put in a hard day 大干一天 7. put into ① 把...放进,使进入...(状态)
e.g. put into operation 使运转, put into effect 使生效
put into production 投入生产, put sth. into practice 付诸实践
② 把...翻译成 e.g. Please put this sentence into Chinese.
**8. put off *① 延期、推迟 ② 关掉(灯、收音机、电视、煤气等) ③ 脱掉(衣、帽、鞋) ④ 打消疑虑、摆脱恐惧
e.g. You must put off your doubts and fears. 你必须打消疑虑。
*⑤ 使...分心,使...厌恶,倒胃口 e.g. put sb. off his guard 失去警惕
The bad smell put the kid off his meal. 难闻的味道使小伙子吃不下饭。 *9. put on ① 把...放在...上面 ② 穿上、戴上 ③ 开(灯、收音机等) ④ 上演、演出 ⑤ 装出、假装 e.g. put on airs摆架子
⑥ 增加 e.g. put on speed 加速 put on weight 体重增加
10. put out ① 伸出、摆出 ② 使熄灭、扑灭(火),关(灯、煤气)
③ 生产、出产 ④ 出版、公布
11. put through ① 使...穿过 ② 接通电话 ③ 接受、经受(训练、考验) *12. put to use = put into use 投入使用、加以利用 e.g. put the new machines into use **13. put up ① 举起(手)、抬起、拾起 *② 架起、搭建、建造 e.g. put up a tent 搭帐篷
③ 提出(计划) *④ 张贴(布告)、挂(照片)
*⑤ 住宿、为...提供食宿,接待 e.g. They put up at a small hotel for a couple of nights.
⑥ 提供(资金 ),悬赏,下赌注 ⑦ 推举、提名参加竞选 e.g. put sb. up for M.P.议员
*14. put up with (sb. / sth.) 容忍、忍受(讨厌的人或事)= stand / bear sb. (sth.)
★★★.run
*1. run across ① 跑着穿过某处 e.g. The boy ran across the square.
*② 偶然碰见某人 = meet with sb. / come across sb. / knock into sb. / run into sb.
e.g. When did you run across your class teacher?
2. run after ① 追赶,追捕,跟踪 ② 追求 (=be after) 3. run away ① 跑掉、逃跑、潜逃 e.g. The thief has run away.
② 失去控制 e.g. Don’t let the car ran away. 别把车开太快而失去控制。
*4. run down ① 跑下去 ②(钟、表)停了、(电池)用完 ③ 与...相撞,撞倒 ④ 健康逐渐变坏、逐渐筋疲力尽 ⑤ 房子(因失修)坏下去
5. run for ① 竞选(公职,,议员) e.g. run for office / mayor / Congress(国会) **6. run into ① 跑进,撞上(某人、某物)= knock into e.g. The car ran into a big tree.
*② 偶然碰到、遇到(某人) ③ 碰到、遭到(困难、危险等) ④ 使陷于 e.g. run into debt 开始负债
7. run off ① 使逃跑 ② 把比赛进行到底,决赛
e.g. When will the race be run off? 短跑什么时候决赛?
**8. run out ① 跑出、离开(sw.) ② 完成,跑完(全程)
*③(燃料、粮食、钱等)用完,将尽(of sth.) e.g. We have run out of bread (oil, soy sauce, ink, water, etc.)
④ (时间)过完、用完 e.g. Time is running out. 时间快要到了。 *9. run over ① 跑过去、跑过来 ② 匆匆看过、浏览,复习一遍
③ 溢出,水满出 e.g. The water is running over. 水满出来了。 *④(车辆)压坏东西,碾过、压死人
10. run through ① 跑着穿过某处 ② 匆匆看过,匆匆处理 ③ 挥霍,很快用完(钱) ④ 贯穿
★.see
1. see about ① 查看、查询 ② 留意于(某事),考虑
e.g. We can’t decide now, but we’ll see about it.
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③ 负责做(某事) e.g. I will see about the fuel. 我负责去弄燃料。
2. see after ① 照应、照看(=look after) e.g. I may see after your pet.
3. see into ① 调查 ② 了解...情况 e.g. Let’s see into this matter first. 先调查此事。 4. see sb. off ① 为某人送行 ② 陪送人上车(船)
*5. see through ① 看穿、识破 e.g. see through a double-dealer 识破两面派
② 帮助某人渡过困难,给予经济支持 e.g. We’ll see you through the difficulty.
③ 把某事进行到底,办好某事 e.g. We are going to see the work through. I’ll see everything through the Customs for you. 我会帮你办好所有海关手续的。 **6. see to ① 负责、注意 e.g. Every one of us should see to his own image. 注意自己的形象。 *② 务必使...,注意使...,保证使... 句型:see to it that...=see that… e.g. See to it that there is enough leeway. 务必留有充分余地。
See that all the soldiers are fully prepared. 要保证全体士兵作好一切准备。
★★.send
1. send away ① 派遣 ② 发送,把...送往远处 ③ 解雇,驱逐 2. send back ① 送还、退还
*3. send for sb. *① 派人去请、找人,去拿东西 e.g. send for the doctor 派人去叫医生 ② 召唤 4. send forth / but ① 放出、发出(光、热等) ② 长出(叶子) e.g. send forth new leaves ③ 大叫一声 e.g. send forth a loud cry = let out a loud cry
5. send in ① 交上去,呈报 = hand in e.g. send in an application 呈上申请书 ② 递送(饭、名片等) ③ 送...参加比赛 e.g. The coach sent two players in. *6. send off = give off *① 发出(光、烟、蒸汽等) ② 给...送行 e.g. send sb. off ③ 解雇 *7. send out = give out *① 发出(光、气味、热量等) ② 发送,派遣
*8. send up ① 发射 e.g. send up a rocket ② 发出,长出 ③ 使(价格、温度等)上升 ④ 把(报告、议案等)往上送、呈送
★★★.set
**1. set about *① 开始、着手做某事 e.g. set about doing sth., set about a task 着手一项任务
② 散布谣言等
2. set apart ① 使分离、使分开 ② 留出、拨出 e.g. set apart a sum for new equipment *3. set aside ① 留出、拨出 e.g. set aside enough reserve grain 留出足够的储备粮
② 不顾,把…置于一旁,搁置 e.g. set aside all objections 不顾一切反对 ③ 取消,宣布…无效 e.g. set aside a claim 驳回一项权利要求
4. set down ① 放下,使(乘客)下车 ② 记下、写下,记载 ③ 制定(规则等)
④ 把...归于 e.g. set down all our achievements to our Party一切成绩归功于党。
5. set forth ① 出发、动身 = set off
② 陈述、阐明、提出、宣布 e.g. set forth one’s view 阐述自己观点
6. set in ① 到来、开始 e.g. The weather has set in rainy. 天气变得阴雨连绵。 Spring has set in very early this year.今年春天早早来临。 *② 镶嵌、点缀 e.g. set a diamond in a ring 在戒指上嵌钻石 ③(潮水)上涨,(风)向岸吹来 e.g. The tide is setting in. 开始涨潮了。 **7. set off *① 出发、动身、起程;(for sw.)
e.g. They set off for the North yesterday. 他们昨天动身北上了。
② 使人开始(做某事) e.g. set off a new movement to learn from Lei Feng.
③ 分开、划分 e.g. set off a clause by a comma ④ 说明、陈述
**8. set out ① 出发 e.g. Let’s set out before six. 六时前出发。
*② 开始做某事 e.g. set out to do sth. 与set about doing sth.相似
③ 宣布、陈述、表明 e.g. The writer sets out his ideas clearly in this article. ④ 设计…的布局 e.g. set out a garden / city
**9. set up ① 搭起、竖立、升高 e.g. set up a tent 搭帐篷 set up a flag 升旗
*② 成立、开办、设立、创立 *③ 建立、建造(小型建筑) *④ 树立(榜样等) e.g. set up a good example for sb. 为某人树立好榜样
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又:set an example to sb. 为某人树榜样
⑤ 提出 e.g. set up a new theory ⑥ 张贴(布告) e.g. set up a notice ⑦ 使恢复健康,(经锻炼)使体格健壮 e.g. a few day’s rest will set you up.
★.start
1. start in ① 开始 e.g. It started in to rain. 天下起雨来了。
*2. start off = set off ① 出发、动身 e.g. Rose started off to school. Rose动身去学校。
A group of fighters start off on the mission. 一队士兵出发执行任务。 ②(工作)开始进行 e.g. The work started off very well.
What shall we start off with? 我们从哪儿谈起好?
*3. start out = set out ① 出发、起程 ② 着手进行 e.g. start out to write the history of our school 4. start up ① 发动、使开始运转 ② 突然出现,崛起 ③ 突然惊起、站起 = at a start e.g. Bob started up at the sound. 听到声音Bob猛地惊起。 *5. start with *以...开始,常用 to start with形式。
① 首先,第一点 e.g. To start with, we haven’t got enough manpower. 首先,我们人力不够。 ② 作为开始 e.g. Our group had six members to start with. 我们小组开始时只有六个人。
★★★.take
1. take away ① 拿走、拿开 ② 使离去
e.g. What takes you away so early? 为什么你这么早就走?
2. take back ① 拿回、收回 e.g. take back one’s words (表道歉、认错)收回自己的话
② 带回、使回忆 e.g. The photo took him back to his days in the college.
3. take down ① 拿下 ② 记下 ③ 咽下 ④ 受困扰、病倒 e.g. take down with flu *4. take for ① 认为、以为 e.g. take sth. for granted 认为某事当然,想当然 We must not take it for granted that… 我们决不可想当然地认为...
*② 误以为 e.g. take sb. for sb. 把某人看成别人, take sth. for sth. 把某物看成某物
What do you take me for? 你把我当成什么人了?
**5. take in *① 接受、接待、接纳
② 吸收、收容 e.g. get rid of the stale and take in the fresh 吐故纳新
③ 领会、理解 e.g. take the situation in 认清形势 / 处境
take in the meaning of the article 领会文章的意思
*④ 轻信(假话),受骗、上当 e.g. be taken in by sb. 被某人所骗
⑤ 改小(衣服) e.g. This coat needs to be taken in a bit.
⑥ 观看 e.g. take in a movie / play 看一场电影 / 一出戏
*6. take off ① 拿去、去掉 *② (飞机)起飞;离地 ③ 脱下(衣、帽等)
④ 夺去(生命等) ⑤ 把(目光、思路等)从...移开 ⑥ 削减(开支)
⑦ 取消 e.g. The 5:00 a.m. train has long been taken off. 早晨五点的火车早已取消了。 ⑧ 带领、把人带往... e.g. take sb. off to visit an exhibition
**7. take on *① 呈现(新面貌), 具有(特征等)*② 雇用,增加人手 ③接纳(乘客),上客
④ 承担 e.g. be ready to take on heavy responsibilities 乐于挑重担
8. take out ① 拿出、取出 ② 去掉,打掉、扣除 e.g. take out dirt from one’s clothes
③ 带...出去 ④ 取得(专利权等)、领取(执照等)
9. take over ① 把...接过来 ② 接收、接管、接任 ③ 盛行起来 10. take to ① 开始(从事于) e.g. take to studying English
② 喜欢、亲近人 ③ 养成...的习惯、沉湎于...
④ 走向、赴… e.g. take to the street (罢工队伍)走上街头
**11. take up ① 拿起(sth.) *② 开始、从事 (爱好、运动) e.g. When did you take up basketball?
③ 接纳(乘客),装载(货物) *④ 占去、占据(时间、空间、注意力等)
*⑤ 重新拾起(语言、技能等) *⑥ 吸收(水分),汲墨水 ⑦ 着手处理 ⑧ 就职 e.g. take up a post ⑨ 采纳(观点等)、采取(某种态度)
⑩ 把...继续下去 e.g. Let’s take up the work where they have left off.
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★★.think
*1. think about ① 考虑(详情) e.g. think about a plan ② 回想、想起
e.g. think about one’s miserable life in the old society 回想起在旧社会的悲惨生活 *2. think of ① 想起、记得(大致情况) e.g. Who first thought of that idea? ② 考虑、关心
e.g. always think of other people first What are you thinking of? 你在考虑什么? ③ 想一想,想象
e.g. Think of the past and you’ll see what a happy life we are leading now.
④ 觉得怎样、认为如何
e.g. What / How do you think of the talk? (句中的what和how都是adv.)
*⑤ 把...看作...(as) e.g. think of oneself as a common soldier 把自己看作普通一兵
*3. think over ① 仔细考虑、反复思考,好好想一想 e.g. Let me think it over.
4. think out ① 想出 e.g. think out a plan ② 发现,解决 ③ 周密考虑,彻底想一想
★.throw
*1. throw about ① 到处扔 ② 舞动(手脚) e.g. throw one’s arms about 乱舞双臂
③ 乱花钱 e.g. throw one’s money about 乱花钱
2. throw away ① 扔掉 ② 浪费(金钱) ③ 放过机会等 3. throw back ① 掷回、掷还 ② 阻止,打退(进攻)
③ 使(头、肩)向后 e.g. with shoulders throw back 挺胸 *4. throw down ① 扔下、扔掉 e.g. throw down tools 放下工具,罢工 ② 使倒下,推翻 e.g. throw oneself down 平躺下
5. throw off ① 扔掉、扔开 e.g. throw off one’s airs 放下架子
② 摆脱掉,甩掉 e.g. throw off a pursuer 摆脱跟踪者
The girl cannot throw off her cold. 那女孩感冒老是不好。
③ 匆忙脱下(衣服) ④ 说坏话 e.g. throw off on sb. 说某人坏话 6. throw out ① 挺(胸)、伸展(四肢) ② 抛出、扔掉(无用之物) ③ 发出、提出 e.g. The lamp threw out a dim light.
Linda threw out some ideas at the meeting.
④ 打扰,打乱 e.g. The accident threw the whole schedule out. 打乱了整个日程安排。 7. throw up ① 举起、抛起 ② 呕吐 ③ 匆匆建造 ④ 放弃(职位)
★★★.turn
1. turn about ① 转身、使转向 e.g. John turned about and faced me. John转过身,脸朝着我。
② 反复思考 e.g. Jack was still turning the idea about when he fell asleep.
*2. turn away ① 走开、离开 ② 转身、转过脸去 ③ 把...打发走、解雇 ④ 避免、防止(灾祸等) *⑤ 拒伸援手,不肯帮忙 ⑥ 不让进去
3. turn back ① 停止向前, 往回走、折回 e.g. Then we decided to turn back. ② 重新提到(to)
③ 翻回到... 页(to) e.g. turn back to page 50
④ 挡住、使折回 e.g. be turned back at the gate 在大门口被挡回 **4. turn down *① 关小(灯光、水、煤气)、调低(音量)
*② 拒绝、不采纳、不接受(计划、提案等) e.g. turn down a plan / suggestion 拒绝一项计划、建议
③ 翻下(衣领) e.g. turn down the collar = The collar turns down. *5. turn in ① 转身进入、拐入 e.g. I saw them turn in at the entrance ② 上床睡觉 = go to bed ③ 上缴、把...交给(警方) e.g. turn in public grain to the state 向国家缴公粮
④ 告发、出卖、自首 e.g. turn oneself in 自首
6. turn into ① 进入 ② 使成为、使变为 ③ 把...译成 e.g. turn the article into Chinese *7. turn off *① 关掉(电灯、水源、煤气等) ② 避开(问题等)
③ 解雇 ④使厌烦、使不感兴趣
⑤(行人等)拐弯 e.g. Black turned off into a side street. Black拐入一条支路 ⑥ 变坏、变质 ⑦ 生产、制造,完成
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*8. turn on *① 开、旋开(电灯、收音机、自来水、煤气等)
② 依靠、依赖、取决于 e.g. The trip turns on whether it will be fine tomorrow.
③ 把...对准 e.g. turn the hose on the fire 把消防水管对准火 **9. turn out ① 关掉、旋熄(灯、水、煤气等) ② 打扫、出清
*③ 证明是、结果是、原来是(to be) e.g. The party turned out to be a success. It turned out to be a fine day. *④ 生产、制造 e.g. The factory can turn out 100 cars a day.
*⑤ 培养、训练 e.g. turn out cadres 培养干部 ⑥ 出动、把...叫出来集合、整队
e.g. The whole community turned out to clean the roads and surroundings.
⑦ 翻出 e.g. turn out one’s pocket 把口袋翻出来 ⑧ 起床 ⑨ 把...赶走、驱逐 10. turn over ① 使打翻、使倾倒 e.g. The lamp was turned over. 灯给打翻了。 ② 翻身、折腾 e.g. turn over in bed ③ 翻阅(书籍)
④ 反复考虑、细想 (=think over) e.g. turn a matter over in one’s mind
⑤ 移交、交给 e.g. turn the land over to the peasants
11. turn round ① 转身 ② 转变 ③ 改变意见、采取新 *12. turn to ① 转向(某处) *② 求教于、求助于 e.g. turn to sb. for help 求某人帮助 ③ 致力于、着手(做) e.g. turn to a task 着手工作
④ 开始工作、积极行动 e.g. They turned to at once. 立即干起来。
⑤ 翻到某页 e.g. Turn to page 100. **13. turn up *① (声音)开大,旋大(灯、火)、开大(煤气等)
*② 出席、露面、赴约,到达 e.g. I wonder when they will turn up. ③ 证明是 (=turn out to be) ④ 参考、查阅(书籍)
⑤ 寻找、(在词典中)查词 ⑥ 把...翻转过来,翻掘 e.g. turn up the soil 翻土
⑦ 突然发生(情况) e.g. Something unexpected has turned up. 意外事突然发生
★.wear
*1. wear away ① 使磨损,使磨灭 ② 时间消逝
e.g. The year is wearing away. 一年快过去了。 ③ (人)衰退 ④ 消磨(时间)、虚度
e.g. wear away one’s youth in trifles 虚度青春
2. wear down ① 使磨损、使损耗、使磨薄 e.g. wear down the enemy forces 消耗敌军
② 疲惫不堪,使厌倦
3. wear off ① 逐渐减弱 ② (印象)慢慢消失 ③ 消逝、过去
④ 褪掉、褪色 = fade,使磨去 e.g. The colour has worn off. 颜色已经褪了。
*4. wear out ① 把...穿破,把...用坏 e.g. sth. be worn out ② 消磨时间
*③ 使疲惫不堪,使耗尽 e.g. feel worn out 感到筋疲力尽,累坏了= be worn out ④ 忍耐不住,没耐心 e.g. My patience wore out. 我忍耐不住了。 ⑤ 使虚弱、消瘦、衰老、使失掉 e.g. be worn out with age 衰老
Hard labour wore out her youth. 繁重的劳动使她失去了青春。
★.work
1. work at (sth.) ① 在做(练习) ② 在干某事、埋头于某事
2. work off ① 排除、清理、处理掉 ② 偿清(债务) e.g. work off a debt 3. work on ① 继续工作、不断工作 ② 做某人工作,设法说服 *4. work out *① 制订出、拟出、设计出 e.g. work out a plan
② 想出(办法)、研究出、考虑好 *③ 计算、算出、解题(尤指做出数学题) e.g. I have worked out our total expenses at 800 yuan.
→ 算下来我们总共花了800元。
④ 结果良好、有效 e.g. I guess it has worked out all right. ⑤ (精力)消耗完
e.g. The young man never seems to be worked out. → 那年轻人好象永远不会疲劳似的。
5. work up ① 准备、酝酿,逐步建立(事业)
② 使逐渐激动起来,激怒 e.g. work up sb.’s feelings
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It’s an inspiring play, and the audience became very worked up.
→ 观众情绪都激动起来了。
③ 综合加工,整理 e.g. work up the data into an article 把资料整理成文
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